THREE PURPOSES OF RESEARCH     Exploration     Description     Explanation

Enhancement Module: Units of Analysis

THE LOGIC OF NOMOTHETIC EXPLANATION
    Criteria for Nomothetic Causality
    False Criteria for Nomothetic Causality
NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CAUSES
UNITS OF ANALYSIS
    Individuals
    Groups
    Organizations
    Social Artifacts
    Units of Analysis in Review
    Faulty Reasoning About Units of Analysis: The Ecological Fallacy and Reductionism
THE TIME DIMENSION
    Cross-Sectional Studies
    Longitudinal Studies
    Approximating Longitudinal Studies
    Examples of Research Strategies
HOW TO DESIGN A RESEARCH PROJECT
    Getting Started
    Conceptualization
    Choice of Research Method
    Operationalization
    Population and Sampling
    Observations
    Data Processing
    Analysis
    Application
    Research Design in Review
THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
    Elements of a Research Proposal